Name/Location/History/Websites/Books
Saikinne, Si'-ke-na, Apache name for Pima, Papago, and Maricopa.
Tah'b,a, Yavapai name.
Texpamais, Maricopa name.
Tono-oohtam, own name, signifying "people of the desert."
Vidshi itikapa, Tonto name.
Connections.- The Papago belong to the Piman-branch of the Uto-Aztecan linguistic stock and stand very close to the Pima.
Location.- In the territory south and southeast of the Gila River, especially south of Tucson the main and tributary valleys of the Santa Cruz River; and extending west; and southwest across the desert waste known as the Papagueria, into Sonora, Mexico.
Subdivisions and Villages
Aenchin, location uncertain.
Alcaide, probably in Pima
County.
Ana, probably in Pima County.
Anicam, probably in Pima
County.
Areitorae, south of Sonorita,
Sonora, Mexico.
Ati, on the west bank of
Rio Altar, between Uquitoa and Tubutama,
just south of the Arizona
boundary.
Babasaqui, probably Papago,
3 miles above Imuris, between
Cocospera and Magdalena,
Sonora, Mexico.
Bacapa, in northwestern
Sonora, Mexico, slightly southeast of
Carrizal.
Baipia, slightly northwest
of Caborca, probably on the Rio Altar,
northwestern Sonora, Mexico.
Bajio, location uncertain.
Batequi east of the Rio
Altar in northwestern Sonora, Mexico.
Boca dei Arroyo, probably
in Pima County.
Caborica, on the Gila River.
Caca Chimir, probably in
Pima County.
Cahuabi, in Arizona near
the Sonora border.
Canoa, between Tubac and
San Xavier del Bac, on Rio Santa Cruz.
Casca, probably in Pima
County.
Charco, probably identical
with Chioro.
Chiora, probably in Pima
County.
Chuba, location uncertain.
Coca, location uncertain.
Comohuabi, in Arizona on
the border of Sonora, Mexico.
Cops, west of the Rio San
Pedro, probably in the vicinity of the
present Arivaca, southwest
of Tubac.
Cubac, in the neighborhood
of San Francisco Atl, west from the
present Tucson.
Cuitoat, between San Xavier
del Bac and the Gila River.
Cujant, in northwest Sonora,
between the mouth of the Rio Gila
and Sonorita.
Cumaro, southern Arizona
near the Sonora border.
Elogio, probably in Pima
County.
Fresnal, probably in Pima
County.
Guadalupe, about 10 leagues
south of Areitorae.
Gubo, probably Papago, 13
leagues east of Sonorita, just below
the Arizona boundary.
Guitciabaqui, on the west
bank of the Santa Cruz River, near the
present Tucson.
Juajona, near San Xavier
del Bac, southern Arizona.
Junostaca, near San Xavier
del Bac.
Macombo, probably in Pima
County.
Mata, probably Papago, north
of Caborica.
Mesquite, probably in Pima
County.
Milpais, location uncertain.
Nariz, probably in Pima
County.
Oapars, in Arizona between
San Xavier del Bac and the Gila River.
Ocaboa, location uncertain.
Oisur, on the Santa Cruz
River, 5 or 6 leagues north of San
Xavier del Bac, southern
Arizona.
Onia, probably in Pima County.
Ooltan, in northwest Sonora,
Mexico, 3 leagues northwest of
Busanic.
Otean, location uncertain.
Perigua, Arizona, south
of the Gila River.
Perinimo, probably in Pima
County.
Piato, probably the same
as Soba, in the region of Tubutama and
Caborica, Sonora, Mexico.
Pitic, on the Rio Altar,
northwest Sonora.
Poso Blanco, in Arizona
south of the Gila River.
Poso Verde, south of the
Arizona-Sonora boundary, opposite Oro
Blanco, Ariz.
Purificacion, probably Papago,
near the Arizona-Sonora boundary,
12 leagues from Agua Escondida,
probably in a southeasterly
direction.
Quitovaquita, on the headwaters
of Rio Salado of Sonora, near the
Arizona-Sonora boundary
line.
Raton, location uncertain.
San Bonifacio, probably
Papago, south of the Gila River between
San Angelo and San Francisco,
in the present Arizona.
San Cosme, probably Papago,
directly north of San Xavier del Bac,
on the Santa Cruz River,
Ariz.
San Ignacio, with Pima,
on the north bank of Rio San Ignacio,
latitude 30- 45' N., longitude
111x W., Sonora, Mexico.
San Ildefonso, 4 leagues
northwest of Caborica, Sonora, Mexico.
San Lazaro, probably Papago,
on the Rio Santa Cruz in longitude
110- 30' W., just below
the Arizona-Sonora boundary.
San Luis Babi, in northwest
Sonora, Mexico, between Busanic and
Cocospera
San Martin, probably Papago,
on the Gila River, west of the Great
Bend of the Colorado.
San Rafael, in southern
Arizona near the headwaters of the Rio
Salado of Sonors.
Santa Barbara, probably
Papago, 4 miles southwest of Pusanic,
near the head-waters of
the north branch of the Rio Altar, in
Sonora, Mexico.
Santa Rosa, south of the
Gila River and west of Tucson.
Saric, probably Papago,
on the west bank of Rio Altar, in
northern Sonora, Mexico.
Saucita, in southern Arizona.
Shuuk, or Pima, on the Gila
River Reservation, southern Arizona.
Sierra Blanca, probably
in Pima County.
Soba, a large body of Papago,
including the villages of
Carborica, Batequi, Mats,
Pitic, and San Ildefonso.
Sonoita, on the headwaters
of the Rio Salado of Sonora, just
below the Arizona-Sonora
boundary.
Tachilta, in southern Arizona
or northern Sonora.
Tacquison, on the Arizona-Sonora
boundary.
Tecolote, in southwestern
Pima County, Ariz., near the Mexican
border.
Tubasa, probably on the
Rio Santa Cruz River between San Xavier
del Bac and the Gila River,
southern Arizona.
Tubutama, on the eastern
bank of the northern branch of the Rio
Altar, in northwest Sonora,
Mexico.
Valle, probably in Pima
County.
Zuniga, probably Papago,
in northwest Sonora, Mexico.
History.- Father Eusebio Kino was probably the first while man to visit the Papago, presumably on his first expedition in 1694. Their subsequent history has been nearly the same as that of the Pima, except that they were not brought quite as much in contact with the Whites.
Population.- Mooney (1928) places the number of Papago at 6,000 in 1680. In 1906 they were reported as follows: Under the Pima School Superintendent, 2,233; under the farmer at San Xavier, 523 allottees on the reservation and 2,225 in Pima County. In addition, 859 Papago were officially reported in Sonora, Mexico, in 1900, probably an underestimate. In 1910, 3,798 were reported in the United States, but the Report of the United States Indian Office for 1923 gives 5,672; the 1930 census, 5,205; and the Indian Office Report for 1937, 6,305.
General Sites
http://www.tocc.cc.az.us/
Sells Tohono O'odham Reservations
Home Page
http://www.itcaonline.com/tribes_tohono.html
Community Profile
http://www.commerce.state.az.us/doclib/COMMUNE/sells.pdf
Ak-Chin Indian Community
Home Page
http://www.commerce.state.az.us/doclib/COMMUNE/akchin.pdf
Community Profile
http://www.commerce.state.az.us/pdf/commasst/comm/akchin.pdf
The Tohono O'odham Community Action Project
http://www.tocaonline.org/homepage.html
The Columbia Encyclopedia sixth edition 2003: The Tohono O'odham
http://www.bartleby.com/65/to/TohonoO.html
Mission Churches of the Sonoran Desert- The Tohono O'Odham
http://www.library.arizona.edu/images/swf//odham.html
Curtis Collection
http://www.curtis-collection.com/tribe%20data/papago.html
Tohono O'odham Literature
http://www.indians.org/welker/papago.htm
National Park Service: The Tohono O'odham
http://www.nps.gov/tuma/papago.html
Other Information
Tohono O'odham
P.O. Box 837
Sells Arizona 85634
520-383-2221
The ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, by Edward F. Castetter and Ruth
M. Underhill.
QH1
.N59 v.4:3
The Papago and Pima Indians of Arizona / by Ruth Underhill ; illustrated
with photographs from the Bureau of American Ethnology and drawings by
Velino Herrera (Ma-pe-wi).
E99.P25
U519 1979
The Papago Indians of Arizona and their relatives the Pima. Illustrated
with photos. from the Bureau of American Ethnology and drawings by Velino
Herrera (Ma-pe-wi) Edited by Willard W. Beatty.
E99
.P25 U519x
Social organization of the Papago Indians / by Ruth Murray Underhill
E99
.P25 U53 1969
The desert people; a study of the Papago Indians by Alice Joseph, Rosamond
B. Spice [and] Jane Chesky.
E99
.P25 J6
An analysis of Papago communities, 1900-1920 / by Richard Donald
Jones.
E99.P25
J5x 1969
The autobiography of a Papago woman / by Ruth Underhill.
GN2
.A22 no.46
Of earth and little rain : the Papago Indians / by Bernard L.
Fontana ; with photographs by John P. Schaefer.
E99
.P25 F65x
The Papago Indian Reservation and the Papago people.
E99.P25
P25x 1975
The Papago Indians of Arizona; [by] William H. Kelly. The Papago tribe
of Arizona [by]
Bernard L. Fontana. Commission findings.
E99
.P25 P35 v.3
