Story/ Websites/Books/Manuscripts
Name: Said to be an old Pima and Papago term for this tribe and in some cases the Kamia and Maricopa also (Forde, 1931). Also called: Cetguanes, by Venegas (1759). Chirumas, an alternative name given by Orozco y Berra (1964). Club Indians, by Emory (1848). Cuchan, or, strictly, Kwitcyana, own name. Dil-zhay's, Apache name for this tribe and the Tonto and Mohave, signifying "red soil with red ants" (White, MS.). Garroteros, by Emory (1848). Guichyana, Chemehuevi name. Hatilshe', same as Dil-zhay's. Hukwats, Paiute name, signifying "weavers." Kun, said to be Apache name for this tribe and the Tulkepaia Wamakava, applied by Havasupai to Mohave and perhaps to this tribe also
Connections: The Yuma were one of the chief tribes of the old Yuman linguistic stock, to which they have given their name, but their closest immediate relatives were the Maricopa and Halchidhoma. The Yuman stock is now considered a part of the larger Hokan family.
Location: On both sides of the Colorado River next above the Cocopa, or about 50 or 60 miles from the mouth of the river, at and below the junction of the Gila River, Fort Yuma being in about the center of their territory. (See also California.)
History: Neither Alarcon, who ascended the Colorado River in 1540, nor Onate, who visited it in 1604, mentions the Yuma, but in the case of Onate this may be accounted for by the fact that these Indians were then living exclusively on the west side of the river, which he did not reach. The first explorer to mention them by name seems to have been Father Kino, 1701-2; and Garces, 1771, and Anza, 1774 and 1775, have a great deal to say about them. Garces and Eixarch remained among them in 1775. (See Father Kino(1726), and Garces (1900).) Most of their territory passed under the control of the United States by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, and the remainder in consequence of the Gadsden Purchase of 1853. After the founding of Fort Yuma, contacts between the Whites and this tribe became intimate. Most of them were ultimately concentrated on the Colorado River and Yuma Reservations.
Population Garces (1776) estimated that there were 3,000 Yuma, but Anza (see Coues, 1900) raises this to 3,500. An estimate attributed to M. Leroux dating from "early in the 19th century," again gives 3,000. According to the Report of the United States Indian Office for 1910, there were then 655 individuals belonging to the tribe, but the census of that year gives 834. The Indian Office figure for 1923 is 826 and that for 1929, 826, but the United States Census for 1920 increases it very materially, to2,306. However, the Report of the Indian Office for 1937 gives only 848.
Connections in which they have become noted.- Besides giving its name
to the Yuman stock, the name Yuma is preserved by counties in Arizona and
Colorado; localities in Yuma County, Ariz.,
Yuma County, Colo.; Cloud County, Kans.; Taylor County, Ky; Wexford County,
Mich.; and Carroll County, Tenn.
Southwest Indian Peoples: Yuma, Cocopa, and Maricopa
http://www.cinprograms.org/people/coloradoriver/yuma.html
The Overland Monthly: The Yuma Indians (vol. 13, iss. 78. June 1889)
Online Journal Article
http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/m/moajrnl/moajrnl-idx?notisid=AHJ1472-1380OVER-93
Curtis Collection
http://www.curtis-collection.com/tribe%20data/yuma.html
The Yuma / Robert L. Bee ; Frank W. Porter III, general editor.
E99.Y94
B44 1989
Ethnography of the Yuma Indians, by C. Daryll Forde ...
E51
.C15 v.28:4
A Chronological history of the Quechan Indians and their lands by Leisa
G. Bronson
E99
.Y94 B7
Crosscurrents along the Colorado : the impact of government policy on
the Quechan Indians / Robert L. Bee
E99
.Y94 B43
A history of the Yuma Indians and Yuma-land to 1821 / by Jack D. Forbes.
E99.Y94
F57x
Warriors of the Colorado: the Yumas of the Quechan Nation and their
neighbors, by Jack D. Forbes.
E99
.Y94 F59
Massacre at the Yuma Crossing : Spanish relations with the Quechans,
1779-1782 / Mark Santiago.
F819.Y9
S26 1998
Ephemera Files at Labriola National American Indian Data Center Collection
Songs of the Yuma, Cocopa and Yaqui, 1951
LAB AUDIO AT-125
The Government Indian School at Fort Yuma
LAB EPH EIS-43
