The Name/ Connections to other Tribes/ Locations/
History/ Population/ Noted Connections/
Reservations/ Websites/ Books/
Hopi-- Contracted from their own name Hopitu, "peaceful ones," or Hopitu-shfnumu, "peaceful all people."
Also called:
Apache name=A-ar-ke, or E-ar'-ke, , signifying "live high up on top of
the mesas."
Zuni name= Ah- mo-kai,.
Zuni name=A'-mu-kwi-kwe, , signifying "smallpox people." Asay or Osay,
by Bustamante
and Gallegos (1582).
Zuni name= Hapekn, referring to excrement.
Navaho name =Ai-yah-kln-nee,.
Navaho name=Eyanlni dine (Gatschet).
Tiwa name= Bokeal, Sandia.
Isleta Tiwa name=Buhk'herk for Tusayan.
Isleta name= Bukln, for the people.
Tewa name=Joso
Tewa name= Kosho, Hano
Tewa name=K'o-so-o, San Ildefonso
Santa Clara name=Khoso
Maastoetsjkwe, given by Ten Kate, signifying "the land of Masawe," god
of the earth, given
as the name of their country. Mastute'kwe, same as preceding.
Moki, signifying "dead" in their own language, but probably from some other,
perhaps a
Keresan dialect.
Topin-keua, said to be a Zuni name of which Tontonteac is a corruption.
Tusayan, name of the province in which the Hopi lived, from Zuni Usayakue,
"people of
Usaya," Usaya referring to two of the largest Hopi villages.
Whiwunai, Sandia Tiwa name.
Connections.- The Hopi constitute a peculiar dialectic division of the Shoshonean branch of the Uto- Aztecan linguistic family, and they are the only Shoshonean people, so far as known, who ever took on a Pueblo culture, though the Tanoans are suspected of a remote Shoshonean relationship.
Location.- On Three Mesas in northeastern Arizona.
History.- According to tradition, the Hopi are made up of peoples who came from the north, east, and south. Their first contact with Europeans was in 1540, when Coronado, then at Zuni, sent Pedro de Tobar and Fray Juan de Padilla to visit them. They were visited by Antonio de Espejo in 1583, and in 1598 Juan de Onate, governor and colonizer of New Mexico, made them swear fealty and vassalage to the King of Spain. In 1629 a Franciscan mission was established at Awatobi, followed by others at Walpi, Shongopovi, Mishongnovi, and Oraibi. These were destroyed in the general Pueblo outbreak of 1680, and an attempt to reestablish a mission at Awatobi in 1700 led to its destruction by the other pueblos. The pueblos of Walpi, Mishongnovi, and Shongopovi, then situated in the foothills, were probably abandoned about the time of the rebellion, and new villages were built on the adjacent mesas for defense against a possible Spanish attack which did not materialize. After the reconquest of the Rio Grande pueblos by Vargas, some of the people who formerly occupied them fled to the Hopi and built a pueblo called Payupki on the Middle Mesa. About the middle of the eighteenth century, however, they were taken back and settled in Sandia. About 1700 Hano was established on the East Mesa, near Walpi, by Tewa from near Abiquerque, N.M., on the invitation of the Walpians. About the time when the Payupki people returned to their old homes, Sichomovi was built on the First Mesa by clans from the Rio Grande, and Shipaulovi was founded by a colony from Shongopovi. The present Hopi Reservation was set aside by Executive order on December 16, 1882.
Population.- Mooney (1928) estimates a Hopi population of 2,800 in 1680. In 1890 the population of Oraibi was 905, and in 1900 the other pueblos (exclusive of Hano) had 919. In 1904 the total Hopi population was officially given as 1,878. The Census of 1910 returned 2,009, apparently including Hano, and the Report of the United States Indian office for 1923 gave 2,336. The United States Census of 1930 returned 2,752. In 1937 there were 3,248) including the Tewan Hano.
Connection in which they have become noted.- The Hopi are noted as a tribe Shoshonean in language but Puebloan in culture, and also deserve consideration as one of the Pueblo divisions to which particular attention has been paid by ethnologists, including Fewkes, the Stevensons, Hough, Voth, Forde, Lowie, etc. Great popular attention has been drawn to them on account of the spectacular character of the Snake Dance held every 2 years.
Hopi Indian Reservation
http://www.hopi.nsn.us/
Community Profile-Arizona Department of Commerce
http://www.commerce.state.az.us/comm/hopi.pdf
Websites
Official Homepage of the Hopi
http://www.hopi.nsn.us/
The Navajo-Hopi Observer (newspaper)
http://www.navajohopiobserver.com
The Official Hopi Cultural Preservation Office
http://www.nau.edu/~hcpo-p/index.html#table
The Traditions of the Hopi by H.R. Voth. Field Columbian Museum Publication
number 96. Anthropological Series Vol. VIII. 1905.
http://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/hopi/toth/
Hopi Information Network
http://www.recycles.org/hopi/index.htm
Reference list of books on the Hopi
http://www.nau.edu/~hcpo-p/culture/read.htm
Curtis Collection
http://www.curtis-collection.com/tribe%20data/hopi.html
The Hopi people, by Robert C. Euler and Henry F. Dobyns.
E99
.H7 E85
Behind the scenes in Hopi land, by M. W. Billingsley.
E99
.H7 B54
Book of the Hopi / by Frank Waters ; drawings and source material recorded
by Oswald White Bear Fredericks
E99
.H7 W3
The Great resistance : a Hopi anthology.
E99
.H7 Y3
Contributions to Hopi history / by Frank Hamilton Cushing, J. Walter
Fewkes, Elsie Clews Parsons.
E99.H7
C62x 1922
Bullying the Moqui / by Charles F. Lummis. Edited with an introd. by
Robert Easton and Mackenzie Brown
E99
.H7 L8
A celebration of being : photographs of the Hopi and Navajo / by Susanne
Page ; foreword by Robert Redford ; afterword by Jake Page.
E99.H7
P3 1989
Colonel Juan Batista de Anza, governor of New Mexico; diary of his expedition
to the Moquis in 1780; paper read before the Historical society at its
annual meeting, 1918. With an introduction and notes by Ralph E. Twitchell.
F799
.A59x 1918
