The Name/ Connections to other Tribes/ Locations/
History/ Population/ Noted Connections/
Reservations/ Websites/ Books/
Maricopa-- Significance of the name unknown. Also called: Atchihwa', Yavapai name (Gatschet 1877-92). Coeomaricopa, an old form. Cohpap, or Awo-pa-pa, Pima name. Pipatsje, own name, signifying "people." Si-ke-na, Apache name for Pima, Papago, and Maricopa, signifying "living in sand houses." Ta'hba, Yavapai name (Gatschet, 1877-92). Tchihogasat, Havasupai name. Widshi itikapa, Tonto name, also applied to Pima and Papago.
Connections.- The Maricopa belong to the Yuman linguistic stock, a part of the Hokan family, and are said to be related most closely to the Yuma tribe proper and the Halchidhoma.
Location.- On Gila River, with and below the Pima, to the mouth of the river. Anciently, they are said to have had some rancherias in a valley west of the Colorado.
History.- The Maricopa are thought to have separated from the Yuma and to have moved slowly up the Colorado River to the lower Gila River; or, as later history would indicate, they may have been forced into this region by hostile tribes. They were encountered by Juan de Onate in 1604-5, and by Kino in 1701-2. From 1775 until recent times they were at war with the Yuma, and in 1857, in alliance with the Pima, they inflicted a severe defeat upon the Yuma near Maricopa Wells. A reservation was set apart for the Maricopa and Pima by Act of Congress February 28, 1859; it was enlarged by Executive order of August 31, 1876, but was revoked and other lands were set apart by the Executive order of June 14, 1879. This was again enlarged by Executive orders May 5, 1882, and November 15, 1883. No treaty was ever made with them.
Population.- Mooney (1928) estimates that there were 2,000 Maricopa in 1680. Venega (1758) says that in 1742 there were about 6,000 Pima and "Cocomaricopa" on Gila River, and in 1775 Garces estimates a population of 3,000 Maricopa. In 1905 there were 350 under the Pima School Superintendent. The census of 1910 gives 386, and the Report of the United States Indian Office for1923, 394. The census of 1930 returned 310, and the Report of the United States Indian Office of 1937, 339.
Connection in which they have become noted.-
The name of the Maricopa is preserved in that of Maricopa County, Ariz.,
and in the name of a post village in Pinal County and another in Kern County,
Calif.
Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community
Home Page
http://www.saltriver.pima-maricopa.nsn.us/
http://www.primenet.com/~itca/Tribes/saltrv.htm
Community Profile
http://www.commerce.state.az.us/pdf/commasst/comm/saltrverPimaMaricopa.pdf
Gila River Indian Community
Home Page
http://www.gric.nsn.us/
http://www.primenet.com/~itca/Tribes/gila.htm
Community Profile
http://www.commerce.state.az.us/pdf/commasst/comm/gilarivr.pdf
Curtis Photograph Collection
http://www.curtis-collection.com/tribe%20data/maricopa.html
Among the Pimas; or, The mission to the Pima and Maricopa Indians.Ladies'
Union Mission School Association.
E99
.P6 L15
Maricopa history from the Colorado River to the Gila River to 1988 /
organized by Gordon Obie.
E99.M25
M37x
The Maricopas; an identification from documentary sources.Ezell, Paul
H., 1913-
E99
.M25 E9
Yuman tribes of the Gila River. by Leslie Spier
E99
.Y95 S7
