Name/Location/History/Websites/Books
Paiute, Southern. Also called:
Auolasus, Pima name.
Chemegue Cuajala, by Garces in 1776, the first name on
account of their association with the Chemehucvi (see under
California; for Cuajala, see Kohoaldje below).
Da-da'-ze ni'-ka-cin'-ga. Kansa name, signifying
"grasshopper people."
Diggers, a popular name sometimes used for them.
Hogapa'goni, Shoshoni name, signifying "rush-arrow people."
Kohoaldje, originally Mohave name of Virgin River Paiute.
Numa, own name, signifying "people," "Indians."
Pa'gonotch, Southern Ute name.
Pah-ru-sa-pah, Chemehuevi name.
Snake Diggers, or Ute Diggers, by Simpson (1859).
Yabipai Cajuala, by Garces in 1776.
Connections.- The Southern Paiute belonged to the Ute-Chemehuevi group of the Shoshonean branch of the Uto-Aztecan stock.
Location.- In western Utah, northwestern Arizona, southeastern Nevada, and parts of southeastern California.
Subdivisions
Powell and Ingalls give the
following "tribes" which, as Steward
(1933) suggests, were more
likely villages or restricted local
groups:
Ho-kwaits, in the vicinity
of Ivanspaw ("Ivanpah Mountain").
I'-chu-ar'-rum-pats, in
Moapa Valley, "probably in Overton-St.
Thomas vicinity" (Kelly,
1932).
Kai'vav-wits, in the vicinity
of Kannb ("Kaibab Plateau"- Kelly).
Kau-yai'-chits, at Ash Meadowa
but actually in Shoshoni territory.
Kwai-an'-tikwok-ets, east
of Colorado, which is perhaps what the
name means (Palmer, 1928).
Kwi-en'-go-mats, at Indian
Springs.
Kwi-um'-pus, in the vicinity
of Beaver.
Mo-a-pa-ri'-ats, in Moapa
Valley (on Moapa Creek).
Mo-quats, in Kingston Mountains.
Mo-vwi'-ats, at Cottonwood
Island.
Nau-wan'-a-tats, in Moapa
Valley.
No-gwats, in the vicinity
of Potosi ("in Spring Mountains"-
Kelly).
Nu-a'gun-tits, in Las Vegas
Valley.
Pa-ga'-its, in the vicinity
of Colville.
Pa-gu'its, at Pagu Lake.
Pa-ran-i-guts, in Pa-ran-i-gut
Valley.
Pa-room'-pai-ats, in Moapa
Valley "head of Moapa Creek, at Home
ranch."
Pa-room'-pats, at Pa-room
Spring.
Pa-ru'-guns, in the vicinity
of Parawau "Paragonah Lakes" (Kelly,
1932).
Pa-spi'-kai-vats, in the
vicinity of Toquerville, "a district on
lower Ash Creek" (Kelly).
Pin'-ti-ats, in Moapa Valley.
Sau-won'-ti-atst in Moapa
Valley.
Shi'-vwits, on Shi'-vwits
Plateau.
Tim-pa-shau'-wa-got-sits,
at Providence Mountains.
Tsou-wa'-ra-its, in Meadow
Valley.
U'-ai-Nu-ints, in the vicinity
of St. George.
U-in-ka'-rets, in Mountains
("Mount Trumbull"- Kelly).
Un-ka-ka'-ni-guts, in Long
Valley.
Un-ka'-pa-Nu-kuints', in
the vicinity of Cedar (perhaps "second
creek south of Kanarra .
. . slightly southeast of New Harmony"-
Kelly).
U-tum'-pai-ats, in Moapa
Valley ("site of Wiser Ranch, near
Glendale, Nevada"- Kelly).
Ya'-gats, at Armagoza ("spring
just north of Tocopa, in Armagosa
Valley"- Kelly).
Kelly (1932) reduces the
number of "tribes" or "bands" to 14,
some of which agree with
those given by Powell, while others seem
to contain the remnants
of a number of his "tribes." She also
gives two not appearing
in his list, viz: the Kaiparowits and a
band at Gunlock.
History.- The Southern Paiute came
in contact with the Spaniards in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
but were little disturbed by them. The first attempt to describe them systematically
seems to have been made by Father Escalante, who traversed their territory
in 1776. After the annexation of Californin and New Mexico to the United
States, their country was
slowly but steadily encroached upon, and they were in part removed
to reservations though by far the greater number remained scattered through
the, country. There has been comparatively little friction between these
Indians and the Whites.
Population.- Mooney (1928) gives the population of the Southern Paiute, and Northern Paiute together as 7,500 in 1845. In 1906 there were reported to be 129 Indians at Moapa Reservation, 267 at Duck Valley, and those not under an agent in Nevada were estimated 6 years before to number 3,700, but this includes the Northern Paiute; in Utah there were 76 Kaibab, 154 Shivwits, and 370 not under an agency; and in Arizona there were 350 Paiute, under the Western Nevada School Superintendent, altogether slightly more than 5,000. Even allowing for the Northem Paiute, this figure must be too high or the enumerators of 1910 missed a great many Indians, for the census of that date, reports only 780 Paiute altogether. The Indian Office Report for 1923 gives 226 in Nevada and southwestorn Utah, but others in Utah aro onumerated with the, Ute. The census of 1930 enumerates 294 exclusive of the Chemehuevi. According to the Report of the United States Indian Office for 1937, there seem to have been 439 in that year.
Connections in which they have become noted.- The name Paiute has become identified with the name "Diggers." Both have been used in a contemptuous sense. A county of south-central Utah is named Paiute.
Kaibab-Paiute Indian Reservation
http://www.commerce.state.az.us/pdf/commasst/comm/kaib-pte.pdf
San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe
http://www.primenet.com/~itca/Tribes/sanjuan.htm
The Paiute people, by Robert C. Euler.
E99
.P2 E84
Sand in a whirlwind: the Paiute Indian War of 1860. Foreword / Egan,
Ferol.
E99
.P2 E45
Southern Paiute ethnography.
E51
.U8 no.69 1964
Southern Paiute ethnohistory with a section, "Environmental setting
and natural resources," by Catherine Sweeney Fowler.
E51
.U8 no.78 1966
